Classifiers in Image processing

Image classification is a necessary step in pattern recognition, the efficiency and accuracy mainly depends on the classification .To do the successful classification pre-processing, segmentation, at last feature extraction have to do. Recognition rate depends on all the steps but classification has its own importance in pattern recognition. Some important classifier such assupport vector machine (SVM),artificial neural network(ANN), decision tree, KNN etc. All has their importance in one or the other way. In this paper there is a discussion about many classifiers

A Survey on Feature Extraction Techniques for Handwritten Character Recognition

The efficiency and accuracy of the optical character recognition system is very much dependent on the appropriate choice of the feature extraction techniques used. In the field of pattern recognition hand written character recognition is an interesting field of research. If the features calculated or observed for a character are enough and complete to specify it then classification errors can be minimized. So feature extraction plays a vital role in the handwritten character recognition. This paper describes about the different techniques of feature extraction

The study of Microstructure of III-V Polar on Non-Polar Heterostructures By HRXRD

In this article, we report on the detailed high resolution x-ray diffraction data analysis of three GaAs films deposited by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy on Si substrates. In the GaAs/Si films the effect of anti phase domains is seen by the selective broadening of (002) and (006) reflections. Further as the (006) reflection is a very weak reflection, such films cannot be analyzed by conventional Williamson-Hall plots using (002), (004) and (006) reflections. We find that using (111), (333) and (444) reflections it is possible to use the standard Williamson-Hall analysis and extract parameters related to the microstructure of the films. We have also carried out the analysis to determine the tilt and twist between the mosaic blocks after correcting for the effects of the finite lateral coherence length. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/930

The study of Microstructure of III-V Polar on Non-Polar Heterostructures By HRXRD

In this article, we report on the detailed high resolution x-ray diffraction data analysis of three GaAs films deposited by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy on Si substrates. In the GaAs/Si films the effect of anti phase domains is seen by the selective broadening of (002) and (006) reflections. Further as the (006) reflection is a very weak reflection, such films cannot be analyzed by conventional Williamson-Hall plots using (002), (004) and (006) reflections. We find that using (111), (333) and (444) reflections it is possible to use the standard Williamson-Hall analysis and extract parameters related to the microstructure of the films. We have also carried out the analysis to determine the tilt and twist between the mosaic blocks after correcting for the effects of the finite lateral coherence length. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/930

Visual, Optical and Replica Inspections: Surface Preparation of 650 MHz NB Cavity for PIP-II Linac

Surface preparation of niobium superconducting RF cavities is a critical step for achieving good RF performance under the superconducting state. Surface defect, roughness, and contamination affect the accelerating gradient and quality factor of the cavities. We report surface inspection methods used to control the surface processing of 650 MHz cavities designated for the pre-production and prototype cryomodules for PIP-II linac. The cavity surface was routinely inspected visually, with an optical camera, and by microscopic scanning of surface replicas. This article covers details on the surface inspection methods and surface polishing process used to repair the surface

Impact of Peptide Structure on Colonic Stability and Tissue Permeability

Most marketed peptide drugs are administered parenterally due to their inherent gastrointestinal (GI) instability and poor permeability across the GI epithelium. Several molecular design techniques, such as cyclisation and D-amino acid (D-AA) substitution, have been proposed to improve oral peptide drug bioavailability. However, very few of these techniques have been translated to the clinic. In addition, little is known about how synthetic peptide design may improve stability and permeability in the colon, a key site for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. In this study, we investigated the impact of various cyclisation modifications and D-AA substitutions on the enzymatic stability and colonic tissue permeability of native oxytocin and 11 oxytocin-based peptides. Results showed that the disulfide bond cyclisation present in native oxytocin provided an improved stability in a human colon model compared to a linear oxytocin derivative. Chloroacetyl cyclisation increased native oxytocin stability in the colonic model at 1.5 h by 30.0%, whereas thioether and N-terminal acetylated cyclisations offered no additional protection at 1.5 h. The site and number of D-AA substitutions were found to be critical for stability, with three D-AAs at Tyr, Ile and Leu, improving native oxytocin stability at 1.5 h in both linear and cyclic structures by 58.2% and 79.1%, respectively. Substitution of three D-AAs into native cyclic oxytocin significantly increased peptide permeability across rat colonic tissue; this may be because D-AA substitution favourably altered the peptide’s secondary structure. This study is the first to show how the strategic design of peptide therapeutics could enable their delivery to the colon via the oral route

Soluble silicon patterns and templates:calcium phosphate nanocrystal deposition in collagen type 1

Patterned mineralisation is a feature of many hard-tissues. The impressive mechanical properties exhibited by such tissues can be, in part, attributed to the patterned deposition of mineral within the organic matrix. Although not thermodynamically favourable, the deposition of calcium phosphate based mineral within collagen fibres occurs in vivo in bone and dentine. As a consequence, numerous researchers have investigated how matrix proteins may be conditioned to enable patterned mineral deposition to recapitulate the structures found in nature. In this study, we have demonstrated that this patterned mineralisation of collagen type I may be induced simply by the pretreatment of the collagen with orthosilicic acid (OSA). The OSA treatment of the collagen resulted in a structural change to the collagen fibres, modifying fibril diameter and changing the kinetics of fibre formation. NMR demonstrated that the OSA preferentially located to the termini of the procollagen fibrils, thereby templating the formation of apatitic calcium phosphate crystals within the collagen fibrils (as shown using TEM, EDX and SAED). This work demonstrates how simple inorganic ions can have potent effects on structuring biological precipitates and suggests why trace quantities of silicon ions are essential to the formation of healthy hard tissues

Respiratory motion correction in dynamic MRI using robust data decomposition registration - Application to DCE-MRI.

Motion correction in Dynamic Contrast Enhanced (DCE-) MRI is challenging because rapid intensity changes can compromise common (intensity based) registration algorithms. In this study we introduce a novel registration technique based on robust principal component analysis (RPCA) to decompose a given time-series into a low rank and a sparse component. This allows robust separation of motion components that can be registered, from intensity variations that are left unchanged. This Robust Data Decomposition Registration (RDDR) is demonstrated on both simulated and a wide range of clinical data. Robustness to different types of motion and breathing choices during acquisition is demonstrated for a variety of imaged organs including liver, small bowel and prostate. The analysis of clinically relevant regions of interest showed both a decrease of error (15-62% reduction following registration) in tissue time-intensity curves and improved areas under the curve (AUC60) at early enhancement